Carbide yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ceev ceev (HSM) uas siv ntau tshaj plaws, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hmoov metallurgy thiab muaj cov carbide tawv (feem ntau yog tungsten carbide WC) thiab cov khoom sib txuas hlau mos dua. Tam sim no, muaj ntau pua WC-based cemented carbides nrog cov khoom sib txawv, feem ntau siv cobalt (Co) ua tus binder, nickel (Ni) thiab chromium (Cr) kuj yog cov khoom siv binder feem ntau, thiab lwm yam kuj tuaj yeem ntxiv. qee cov khoom sib xyaw. Vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau qib carbide? Cov tuam txhab tsim cov cuab yeej xaiv cov khoom siv cuab yeej zoo li cas rau kev ua haujlwm txiav tshwj xeeb? Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug no, cia peb xub saib ntau yam khoom uas ua rau cemented carbide yog cov khoom siv cuab yeej zoo tagnrho.
qhov nyuaj thiab kev tawv
WC-Co cemented carbide muaj qhov zoo tshwj xeeb hauv ob qho tib si qhov nyuaj thiab toughness. Tungsten carbide (WC) yog inherently tawv heev (ntau dua li corundum lossis alumina), thiab nws qhov nyuaj tsis tshua txo qis thaum qhov kub ua haujlwm nce ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis muaj qhov toughness txaus, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov cuab yeej txiav. Yuav kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov nyuaj siab ntawm tungsten carbide thiab txhim kho nws qhov toughness, tib neeg siv cov hlau sib txuas los khi tungsten carbide ua ke, yog li cov khoom siv no muaj qhov nyuaj ntau dua li cov hlau ceev ceev, thaum tseem tuaj yeem tiv taus feem ntau ntawm kev txiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab txiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ceev ceev.
Niaj hnub no, yuav luag txhua rab riam thiab cov ntxig WC-Co yog coated, yog li lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus zoo li tsis tseem ceeb. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov siab elastic modulus ntawm cov khoom siv WC-Co (kev ntsuas ntawm qhov tawv, uas yog kwv yees li peb zaug ntawm cov hlau ceev ceev ntawm chav tsev kub) uas muab cov substrate tsis-deformable rau cov txheej. Lub matrix WC-Co kuj muab cov tawv xav tau. Cov khoom no yog cov khoom yooj yim ntawm cov khoom siv WC-Co, tab sis cov khoom siv kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev kho cov khoom siv thiab microstructure thaum tsim cov hmoov cemented carbide. Yog li ntawd, qhov haum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej rau kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov txheej txheem milling thawj zaug.
Cov txheej txheem milling
Tungsten carbide hmoov yog tau los ntawm carburizing tungsten (W) hmoov. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tungsten carbide hmoov (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws qhov loj me) feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom siv raw tungsten hmoov thiab qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm ntawm carburization. Kev tswj tshuaj lom neeg kuj tseem ceeb heev, thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon yuav tsum tau khaws cia tas li (ze rau tus nqi stoichiometric ntawm 6.13% los ntawm qhov hnyav). Ib qho me me ntawm vanadium thiab / lossis chromium yuav raug ntxiv ua ntej kev kho carburizing kom tswj tau qhov loj me ntawm cov hmoov los ntawm cov txheej txheem tom ntej. Cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem downstream thiab kev siv ua tiav kawg sib txawv xav tau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tungsten carbide qhov loj me, cov ntsiab lus carbon, cov ntsiab lus vanadium thiab cov ntsiab lus chromium, los ntawm qhov ntawd ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov hmoov tungsten carbide tuaj yeem tsim tau. Piv txwv li, ATI Alldyne, lub chaw tsim khoom hmoov tungsten carbide, tsim 23 qib txheem ntawm tungsten carbide hmoov, thiab ntau yam ntawm tungsten carbide hmoov customized raws li tus neeg siv xav tau tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 5 npaug ntawm cov qib txheem ntawm tungsten carbide hmoov.
Thaum sib tov thiab sib tsoo tungsten carbide hmoov thiab hlau sib txuas kom tsim tau ib qib ntawm cemented carbide hmoov, ntau yam kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem siv. Cov ntsiab lus cobalt feem ntau siv yog 3% - 25% (qhov hnyav piv), thiab yog tias xav tau txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov cuab yeej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog ntxiv nickel thiab chromium. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau sib txuas tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm kev ntxiv lwm cov khoom sib xyaw. Piv txwv li, ntxiv ruthenium rau WC-Co cemented carbide tuaj yeem txhim kho nws qhov toughness yam tsis txo nws qhov hardness. Kev nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm binder kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov toughness ntawm cemented carbide, tab sis nws yuav txo nws qhov hardness.
Kev txo qhov loj ntawm cov tungsten carbide particles tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv tawv dua, tab sis qhov loj ntawm cov tungsten carbide yuav tsum tseem zoo li qub thaum lub sijhawm sintering. Thaum lub sijhawm sintering, cov tungsten carbide particles sib xyaw thiab loj hlob los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yaj thiab kev rov ua dua. Hauv cov txheej txheem sintering tiag tiag, txhawm rau tsim cov khoom siv ntom ntom, cov hlau sib txuas ua kua (hu ua kua theem sintering). Qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov tungsten carbide particles tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev ntxiv lwm cov hlau hloov pauv carbides, suav nrog vanadium carbide (VC), chromium carbide (Cr3C2), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), thiab niobium carbide (NbC). Cov hlau carbides no feem ntau yog ntxiv thaum cov hmoov tungsten carbide sib xyaw thiab milled nrog cov hlau sib txuas, txawm hais tias vanadium carbide thiab chromium carbide kuj tuaj yeem tsim thaum cov hmoov tungsten carbide raug carburized.
Cov hmoov tungsten carbide kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv cemented carbide uas siv rov qab. Kev siv rov qab thiab rov siv dua ntawm cov carbide seem muaj keeb kwm ntev hauv kev lag luam cemented carbide thiab yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov saw hlau kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam, pab txo cov nqi khoom siv, txuag cov peev txheej ntuj thiab zam cov khoom pov tseg. Kev pov tseg uas ua rau puas tsuaj. Cov carbide seem feem ntau tuaj yeem siv dua los ntawm APT (ammonium paratungstate) txheej txheem, txheej txheem rov qab zinc lossis los ntawm kev tsoo. Cov hmoov tungsten carbide "rov ua dua" no feem ntau muaj qhov ntom zoo dua, kwv yees tau vim tias lawv muaj thaj chaw me dua li cov hmoov tungsten carbide uas ua ncaj qha los ntawm cov txheej txheem tungsten carburizing.
Cov xwm txheej ua tiav ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hmoov tungsten carbide thiab cov hlau sib txuas kuj yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb. Ob txoj kev siv milling feem ntau yog pob milling thiab micromilling. Ob qho txheej txheem ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hmoov milled thiab txo qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me. Yuav kom ua rau cov khoom siv nias tom qab muaj zog txaus, tswj cov duab ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab ua rau tus neeg teb xov tooj lossis tus tswj hwm tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm, feem ntau nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv cov organic binder thaum lub sijhawm sib tsoo. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntawv cog lus no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv nias. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev tuav, nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv cov khoom siv muaj zog siab, tab sis qhov no ua rau qhov ceev ntawm kev sib tsoo qis dua thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov pob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv cov khoom kawg.
Tom qab milling, cov hmoov feem ntau yog tsuag-qhuav kom tsim cov agglomerates ntws dawb uas tuav ua ke los ntawm cov organic binders. Los ntawm kev kho cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov organic binder, qhov flowability thiab charge density ntawm cov agglomerates no tuaj yeem kho raws li xav tau. Los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam cov khoom me me lossis cov khoom me me, qhov faib tawm ntawm cov agglomerate tuaj yeem kho ntxiv kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ntws zoo thaum thauj mus rau hauv qhov pwm.
Kev tsim khoom ua haujlwm
Cov khoom ua haujlwm carbide tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau txoj kev txheej txheem. Nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, qib ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm cov duab, thiab cov khoom tsim tawm, feem ntau cov ntxig txiav yog pwm siv cov pwm sab saud thiab hauv qab siab. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov sib xws ntawm qhov hnyav thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm nias txhua zaus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov ntau ntawm cov hmoov (qhov hnyav thiab ntim) ntws mus rau hauv qhov kab noj hniav yog tib yam. Qhov fluidity ntawm cov hmoov feem ntau yog tswj los ntawm qhov faib loj ntawm cov agglomerates thiab cov khoom ntawm cov organic binder. Cov khoom ua haujlwm pwm (lossis "blanks") yog tsim los ntawm kev siv lub siab molding ntawm 10-80 ksi (kilo phaus ib square foot) rau cov hmoov uas thauj mus rau hauv qhov kab noj hniav pwm.
Txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov siab heev molding siab, cov tungsten carbide particles yuav tsis deform lossis tawg, tab sis cov organic binder raug nias rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tungsten carbide particles, yog li kho qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom. Qhov siab dua qhov siab, qhov sib txuas ntawm cov tungsten carbide particles nruj dua thiab qhov loj dua qhov compaction density ntawm workpiece. Cov yam ntxwv molding ntawm cov qib ntawm cemented carbide hmoov yuav txawv, nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau binder, qhov loj me thiab cov duab ntawm cov tungsten carbide particles, qib ntawm agglomeration, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw thiab ntxiv ntawm cov organic binder. Txhawm rau muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau txog cov yam ntxwv compact ntawm cov qib ntawm cemented carbide hmoov, kev sib raug zoo ntawm molding density thiab molding siab feem ntau yog tsim thiab tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hmoov. Cov ntaub ntawv no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov hmoov muab tau sib xws nrog cov txheej txheem molding ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom cuab yeej.
Cov khoom siv carbide loj lossis cov khoom siv carbide nrog cov qauv siab (xws li cov shanks rau cov tshuab txiav thiab cov laum) feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov carbide sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub hnab yas. Txawm hais tias lub voj voog tsim khoom ntawm txoj kev nias sib npaug ntev dua li ntawm txoj kev molding, tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej qis dua, yog li txoj kev no zoo dua rau kev tsim khoom me me.
Txoj kev ua no yog muab cov hmoov tso rau hauv lub hnab, thiab kaw lub qhov ncauj hnab, thiab tom qab ntawd muab lub hnab puv nrog cov hmoov tso rau hauv ib lub chamber, thiab siv lub zog ntawm 30-60ksi los ntawm lub tshuab hydraulic los nias. Cov khoom ua haujlwm nias feem ntau raug tshuab rau cov qauv tshwj xeeb ua ntej sintering. Qhov loj ntawm lub hnab raug nthuav dav kom haum rau cov khoom ua haujlwm shrinkage thaum lub sijhawm compacting thiab kom muaj qhov sib npaug txaus rau kev sib tsoo. Vim tias cov khoom ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua tiav tom qab nias, qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov sib xws ntawm kev them tsis nruj npaum li cov ntawm txoj kev molding, tab sis nws tseem xav tau kom ntseeg tau tias tib cov hmoov tau thauj mus rau hauv lub hnab txhua lub sijhawm. Yog tias qhov ceev ntawm cov hmoov them me dhau, nws yuav ua rau cov hmoov tsis txaus hauv lub hnab, ua rau cov khoom ua haujlwm me dhau thiab yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Yog tias qhov ceev ntawm cov hmoov thauj khoom siab dhau, thiab cov hmoov thauj mus rau hauv lub hnab ntau dhau, cov khoom ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua tiav kom tshem tawm ntau cov hmoov tom qab nws raug nias. Txawm hais tias cov hmoov ntau dhau raug tshem tawm thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm pov tseg tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab, ua li ntawd txo kev tsim khoom.
Cov khoom siv carbide kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev siv cov pwm extrusion lossis cov pwm txhaj tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem extrusion molding yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau kev tsim cov khoom siv axisymmetric, thaum cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv nyuaj. Hauv ob qho txheej txheem molding, cov qib ntawm cov hmoov cemented carbide raug dai rau hauv cov organic binder uas muab cov tshuaj txhuam hniav zoo li cov tshuaj txhuam hniav rau cov sib tov cemented carbide. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ces raug extruded los ntawm lub qhov lossis txhaj rau hauv lub qhov kom tsim. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qib ntawm cov hmoov cemented carbide txiav txim siab qhov piv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hmoov rau cov binder hauv cov sib tov, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev ntws ntawm cov sib tov los ntawm lub qhov extrusion lossis txhaj rau hauv lub qhov.
Tom qab ua cov khoom ua haujlwm los ntawm kev molding, isostatic pressing, extrusion lossis txhaj tshuaj molding, cov organic binder yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm ua ntej theem kawg sintering. Sintering tshem tawm porosity ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, ua rau nws tag nrho (lossis tseem ceeb) ntom. Thaum lub sijhawm sintering, cov hlau sib txuas hauv cov khoom ua haujlwm nias ua kua, tab sis cov khoom ua haujlwm khaws nws cov duab nyob rau hauv kev ua ke ntawm cov capillary zog thiab cov khoom sib txuas.
Tom qab sintering, qhov geometry ntawm workpiece tseem zoo li qub, tab sis qhov loj me raug txo qis. Yuav kom tau txais qhov loj me ntawm workpiece uas xav tau tom qab sintering, qhov nrawm ntawm kev ntswj yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum tsim cov cuab yeej. Qib ntawm cov hmoov carbide siv los ua txhua lub cuab yeej yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj qhov ntswj kom raug thaum compacted nyob rau hauv lub siab tsim nyog.
Yuav luag txhua qhov xwm txheej, kev kho tom qab sintering ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm sintered yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Kev kho yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav yog kom ntse ntug txiav. Ntau yam cuab yeej xav tau kev sib tsoo ntawm lawv cov geometry thiab qhov ntev tom qab sintering. Qee cov cuab yeej xav tau kev sib tsoo sab saud thiab hauv qab; lwm tus xav tau kev sib tsoo peripheral (nrog lossis tsis muaj kev ntse ntug txiav). Txhua daim carbide chips los ntawm kev sib tsoo tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab.
Txheej txheem ua haujlwm
Feem ntau, cov khoom ua tiav lawm yuav tsum tau coated. Cov txheej no muab lubricity thiab nce hardness, nrog rau diffusion barrier rau lub substrate, tiv thaiv oxidation thaum raug rau qhov kub siab. Lub cemented carbide substrate yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej. Ntxiv nrog rau kev kho cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov matrix, cov khoom nto ntawm lub matrix kuj tuaj yeem kho los ntawm kev xaiv tshuaj thiab hloov txoj kev sintering. Los ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cobalt, ntau cobalt tuaj yeem nplua nuj nyob rau hauv txheej sab nraud ntawm cov hniav nto hauv qhov tuab ntawm 20-30 μm piv rau lwm qhov ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, yog li muab qhov chaw ntawm lub substrate zoo dua lub zog thiab toughness, ua rau nws tiv taus deformation.
Raws li lawv tus kheej txoj kev tsim khoom (xws li txoj kev dewaxing, cua sov, lub sijhawm sintering, kub thiab carburizing voltage), tus neeg tsim khoom siv cuab yeej yuav muaj qee qhov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau qib ntawm cov hmoov cemented carbide siv. Qee tus neeg tsim khoom siv cuab yeej siv tau sinter cov khoom ua haujlwm hauv lub cub tawg nqus tsev, thaum lwm tus siv tau lub cub tawg kub isostatic nias (HIP) sintering (uas nias cov khoom ua haujlwm ze rau qhov kawg ntawm lub voj voog txheej txheem kom tshem tawm cov seem) qhov hws). Cov khoom ua haujlwm sintered hauv lub cub tawg nqus tsev kuj tseem yuav tsum tau kub isostatically nias los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxiv kom nce qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm. Qee tus neeg tsim khoom siv cuab yeej siv tau qhov kub siab dua ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev kom nce qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus cobalt qis dua, tab sis txoj hauv kev no yuav ua rau lawv cov qauv me me. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov loj me me, cov hmoov nrog cov khoom me me ntawm tungsten carbide tuaj yeem xaiv tau. Yuav kom phim cov khoom siv tsim khoom tshwj xeeb, cov xwm txheej dewaxing thiab carburizing voltage kuj muaj cov kev cai sib txawv rau cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv cov hmoov cemented carbide.
Kev faib qib
Kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau hom hmoov tungsten carbide, cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau sib txuas, hom thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov noob cog qoob loo, thiab lwm yam, ua rau muaj ntau yam qib cemented carbide. Cov kev ntsuas no yuav txiav txim siab qhov microstructure ntawm cemented carbide thiab nws cov khoom. Qee qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau qee qhov kev siv ua tiav, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los faib ntau yam qib cemented carbide.
Ob lub tshuab faib carbide feem ntau siv rau kev siv tshuab yog C lub tshuab xaiv thiab ISO lub tshuab xaiv. Txawm hais tias ob lub tshuab tsis qhia tag nrho cov khoom siv uas cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv cov qib cemented carbide, lawv muab qhov pib rau kev sib tham. Rau txhua qhov kev faib, ntau lub tuam txhab muaj lawv cov qib tshwj xeeb, ua rau muaj ntau yam qib carbide.
Cov qib carbide kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom yooj yim: yooj yim, microcrystalline thiab alloyed. Cov qib simplex feem ntau yog cov tungsten carbide thiab cobalt binders, tab sis kuj tseem yuav muaj cov khoom me me ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov noob. Cov qib microcrystalline yog tsim los ntawm tungsten carbide thiab cobalt binder ntxiv nrog ob peb txhiab ntawm vanadium carbide (VC) thiab (lossis) chromium carbide (Cr3C2), thiab nws qhov loj me tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1 μm lossis tsawg dua. Cov qib alloy yog tsim los ntawm tungsten carbide thiab cobalt binders uas muaj ob peb feem pua ntawm titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), thiab niobium carbide (NbC). Cov kev ntxiv no kuj tseem hu ua cubic carbides vim lawv cov khoom sintering. Cov microstructure tshwm sim qhia txog cov qauv peb theem tsis sib xws.
1) Cov qib carbide yooj yim
Cov qib no rau kev txiav hlau feem ntau muaj 3% txog 12% cobalt (los ntawm qhov hnyav). Qhov loj ntawm cov noob tungsten carbide feem ntau yog ntawm 1-8 μm. Ib yam li lwm qib, kev txo qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm tungsten carbide ua rau nws qhov nyuaj thiab lub zog tawg hla (TRS), tab sis txo nws qhov tawv. Qhov nyuaj ntawm hom ntshiab feem ntau yog ntawm HRA89-93.5; lub zog tawg hla feem ntau yog ntawm 175-350ksi. Cov hmoov ntawm cov qib no yuav muaj ntau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab.
Cov qib yooj yim tuaj yeem muab faib ua C1-C4 hauv C qib system, thiab tuaj yeem faib ua pawg raws li K, N, S thiab H qib series hauv ISO qib system. Cov qib simplex nrog cov khoom nruab nrab tuaj yeem faib ua cov qib dav dav (xws li C2 lossis K20) thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev tig, milling, planing thiab tho qhov; cov qib nrog cov noob me me lossis cov ntsiab lus cobalt qis dua thiab qhov nyuaj dua tuaj yeem faib ua cov qib tiav (xws li C4 lossis K01); cov qib nrog cov noob loj dua lossis cov ntsiab lus cobalt siab dua thiab qhov tawv zoo dua tuaj yeem faib ua cov qib roughing (xws li C1 lossis K30).
Cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm Simplex qib siv tau rau kev siv hlau cam khwb cia, 200 thiab 300 series stainless hlau, txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau uas tsis yog ferrous, superalloys thiab cov hlau tawv. Cov qib no kuj siv tau rau hauv kev txiav cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau (piv txwv li cov cuab yeej khawb pob zeb thiab geological), thiab cov qib no muaj qhov loj ntawm 1.5-10μm (lossis loj dua) thiab cov ntsiab lus cobalt ntawm 6% -16%. Lwm qhov kev siv carbide yooj yim rau kev txiav cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau yog hauv kev tsim cov pwm thiab cov punches. Cov qib no feem ntau muaj qhov loj ntawm cov hlau nruab nrab nrog cov ntsiab lus cobalt ntawm 16% -30%.
(2) Cov qib microcrystalline cemented carbide
Cov qib no feem ntau muaj 6% -15% cobalt. Thaum lub sijhawm ua kua sintering, ntxiv vanadium carbide thiab / lossis chromium carbide tuaj yeem tswj cov noob loj hlob kom tau txais cov qauv noob zoo nrog qhov loj me me dua 1 μm. Cov qib zoo no muaj qhov nyuaj siab heev thiab lub zog tawg hla dhau 500ksi. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog siab thiab kev tawv txaus tso cai rau cov qib no siv lub kaum sab xis loj dua, uas txo cov zog txiav thiab tsim cov chips nyias dua los ntawm kev txiav es tsis txhob thawb cov khoom siv hlau.
Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam khoom siv raw hauv kev tsim cov qib ntawm cov hmoov cemented carbide, thiab kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov txheej txheem sintering kom tiv thaiv kev tsim cov noob loj tsis zoo hauv cov khoom siv microstructure, nws yog qhov ua tau kom tau txais cov khoom siv tsim nyog. Yuav kom khaws cov noob me me thiab sib xws, cov hmoov rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum tsuas yog siv yog tias muaj kev tswj hwm tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov txheej txheem rov qab, thiab kev kuaj xyuas zoo heev.
Cov qib microcrystalline tuaj yeem faib ua pawg raws li M qib series hauv ISO qib system. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm txoj kev faib ua pawg hauv C qib system thiab ISO qib system zoo ib yam li cov qib ntshiab. Microcrystalline qib tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cuab yeej uas txiav cov khoom ua haujlwm mos dua, vim tias qhov chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem ua kom du thiab tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov txiav ntse heev.
Cov qib Microcrystalline kuj tseem siv tau los tshuab cov superalloys uas muaj nickel, vim lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias txog li 1200 ° C. Rau kev ua cov superalloys thiab lwm yam khoom siv tshwj xeeb, kev siv cov cuab yeej qib microcrystalline thiab cov cuab yeej qib ntshiab uas muaj ruthenium tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv kev hnav, kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv thiab kev tawv. Cov qib Microcrystalline kuj tseem tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej tig xws li cov laum uas tsim kev ntxhov siab shear. Muaj lub laum ua los ntawm cov qib sib xyaw ntawm cemented carbide. Hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm tib lub laum, cov ntsiab lus cobalt hauv cov khoom siv sib txawv, yog li qhov nyuaj thiab kev tawv ntawm lub laum tau zoo tshaj plaws raws li kev xav tau ua tiav.
(3) Cov qib carbide cemented carbide hom hlau sib xyaw
Cov qib no feem ntau yog siv rau kev txiav cov hlau, thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus cobalt feem ntau yog 5% -10%, thiab qhov loj ntawm cov noob yog li ntawm 0.8-2μm. Los ntawm kev ntxiv 4% -25% titanium carbide (TiC), qhov kev nyiam ntawm tungsten carbide (WC) kom kis mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau chips tuaj yeem txo qis. Lub zog ntawm cov cuab yeej, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav ntawm lub qhov thiab kev tiv thaiv kev poob siab tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev ntxiv txog li 25% tantalum carbide (TaC) thiab niobium carbide (NbC). Kev ntxiv cov cubic carbides no kuj ua rau lub cuab yeej tawv liab, pab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv thermal ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv kev txiav hnyav lossis lwm yam kev ua haujlwm uas ntug txiav yuav tsim qhov kub siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, titanium carbide tuaj yeem muab cov chaw nucleation thaum lub sijhawm sintering, txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm cubic carbide faib hauv cov khoom ua haujlwm.
Feem ntau hais lus, qhov nyuaj ntawm cov qib carbide cemented carbide yog HRA91-94, thiab lub zog tawg transverse yog 150-300ksi. Piv nrog cov qib ntshiab, cov qib alloy muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo thiab lub zog qis dua, tab sis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau kev hnav nplaum. Cov qib alloy tuaj yeem faib ua C5-C8 hauv C qib system, thiab tuaj yeem faib ua pawg raws li P thiab M qib series hauv ISO qib system. Cov qib alloy nrog cov khoom nruab nrab tuaj yeem faib ua cov qib dav dav (xws li C6 lossis P30) thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev tig, tapping, planing thiab milling. Cov qib nyuaj tshaj plaws tuaj yeem faib ua qib tiav (xws li C8 thiab P01) rau kev ua tiav tig thiab tho qhov. Cov qib no feem ntau muaj cov noob me me dua thiab cov ntsiab lus cobalt qis dua kom tau txais qhov nyuaj thiab kev tiv thaiv hnav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv zoo sib xws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev ntxiv ntau cov carbides cubic. Cov qib nrog qhov tawv siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem faib ua qib roughing (piv txwv li C5 lossis P50). Cov qib no feem ntau muaj cov noob nruab nrab thiab muaj cov cobalt ntau, nrog rau kev ntxiv cov carbides me me kom ua tiav qhov tawv uas xav tau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tig uas cuam tshuam, kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txiav tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm kev siv cov qib cobalt nplua nuj uas tau hais los saum toj no nrog cov cobalt ntau dua ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej.
Cov qib alloy nrog cov titanium carbide tsawg dua yog siv rau kev ua cov hlau tsis xeb thiab hlau malleable, tab sis kuj tseem siv tau rau kev ua cov hlau tsis yog ferrous xws li nickel-based superalloys. Qhov loj me ntawm cov qib no feem ntau tsawg dua 1 μm, thiab cov ntsiab lus cobalt yog 8% -12%. Cov qib nyuaj dua, xws li M10, tuaj yeem siv rau kev tig hlau malleable; cov qib nyuaj dua, xws li M40, tuaj yeem siv rau kev milling thiab planing hlau, lossis rau kev tig hlau tsis xeb lossis superalloys.
Cov qib carbide cemented carbide hom alloy kuj tseem siv tau rau kev txiav cov hlau tsis yog hlau, feem ntau yog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv uas tiv taus kev hnav. Qhov loj me ntawm cov qib no feem ntau yog 1.2-2 μm, thiab cov ntsiab lus cobalt yog 7% -10%. Thaum tsim cov qib no, feem ntau ntxiv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, ua rau muaj kev siv nyiaj ntau hauv kev siv cov khoom siv hnav. Cov khoom siv hnav xav tau kev tiv taus corrosion zoo thiab kev tawv siab, uas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev ntxiv nickel thiab chromium carbide thaum tsim cov qib no.
Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim cov cuab yeej siv thiab kev lag luam, cov hmoov carbide yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov hmoov uas tsim los rau cov tuam txhab tsim cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ua tiav lawm ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab tau ua rau muaj ntau pua qib carbide. Qhov xwm txheej rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv carbide thiab lub peev xwm ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog cov neeg muab khoom hmoov tso cai rau cov neeg tsim cov cuab yeej tswj hwm lawv cov khoom zoo thiab cov nqi khoom siv tau zoo.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-18-2022
