Ib yam khoom siv ua los ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov hlau tawv thiab cov hlau sib txuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem hmoov metallurgy. Cemented carbide muaj ntau yam khoom zoo xws li kev tawv siab, kev hnav tsis kam, lub zog zoo thiab kev tawv, kev tiv taus cua sov thiab kev tiv taus corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws qhov kev tawv siab thiab kev hnav tsis kam, uas tseem tsis hloov pauv txawm tias kub ntawm 500 ° C, tseem muaj kev tawv siab ntawm 1000 ℃. Carbide yog siv dav ua cov khoom siv cuab yeej, xws li cov cuab yeej tig, milling cutters, planers, drills, cov cuab yeej tho qhov, thiab lwm yam, rau kev txiav hlau cam khwb cia, cov hlau tsis yog ferrous, yas, tshuaj fibers, graphite, iav, pob zeb thiab hlau ib txwm muaj, thiab kuj siv tau rau kev txiav cov khoom siv nyuaj rau tshuab xws li hlau tiv taus cua sov, hlau stainless, hlau manganese siab, hlau cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam. Kev txiav ceev ntawm cov cuab yeej carbide tshiab tam sim no yog ntau pua npaug ntawm cov hlau carbon.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm cemented carbide
(1) Cov khoom siv cuab yeej
Carbide yog cov khoom siv cuab yeej loj tshaj plaws, uas siv tau los ua cov cuab yeej tig, milling cutters, planers, drills, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, tungsten-cobalt carbide yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua cov hlau ferrous thiab non-ferrous luv luv thiab kev ua cov khoom siv tsis yog hlau, xws li hlau cam khwb cia, tooj dag cam khwb cia, bakelite, thiab lwm yam; tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua cov hlau ferrous ntev xws li hlau. Kev ua cov hlau chip. Ntawm cov alloys zoo sib xws, cov uas muaj cov ntsiab lus cobalt ntau dua yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua cov hlau ntxhib, thiab cov uas muaj cov ntsiab lus cobalt tsawg dua yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav. Cov carbides cemented dav dav muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua li lwm cov carbides cemented rau cov khoom siv nyuaj rau tshuab xws li hlau tsis xeb.
(2) Cov khoom siv pwm
Cemented carbide feem ntau yog siv rau cov pwm ua haujlwm txias xws li cov pwm kos duab txias, cov pwm xuas nrig txias, cov pwm extrusion txias, thiab cov pwm pier txias.
Cov pwm carbide txias yuav tsum muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo, tawg tsis kam, qaug zog, khoov tsis kam thiab hnav tsis kam zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm uas tsis yooj yim hnav lossis cuam tshuam. Cov qib cobalt nruab nrab thiab siab thiab cov qib alloy nruab nrab thiab ntxhib feem ntau siv, xws li YG15C.
Feem ntau hais lus, kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hnav tsis kam thiab lub zog ntawm cemented carbide yog qhov tsis sib xws: qhov nce ntawm kev hnav tsis kam yuav ua rau txo qis ntawm kev tawv, thiab qhov nce ntawm kev tawv yuav ua rau txo qis ntawm kev hnav tsis kam. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov qib alloy, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai siv tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom ua thiab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm.
Yog tias qib xaiv no feem ntau yuav tawg thiab puas thaum siv, yuav tsum xaiv qib uas muaj zog dua; yog tias qib xaiv no feem ntau yuav hnav thiab puas thaum siv, yuav tsum xaiv qib uas muaj zog dua thiab tiv taus kev hnav zoo dua. Cov qib hauv qab no: YG15C, YG18C, YG20C, YL60, YG22C, YG25C Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, qhov nyuaj txo qis, qhov tiv taus kev hnav txo qis, thiab qhov tawv nce ntxiv; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseeb.
(3) Cov cuab yeej ntsuas thiab cov khoom siv uas tsis yooj yim hnav
Carbide yog siv rau kev hnav-resistant nto inlays thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas, precision bearings ntawm grinders, qhia phaj thiab qhia rods ntawm centerless grinders, sab saum toj ntawm lathes thiab lwm yam hnav-resistant qhov chaw.
Cov hlau sib txuas feem ntau yog cov hlau pawg, feem ntau yog cobalt thiab nickel.
Thaum tsim cov cemented carbide, qhov loj me ntawm cov hmoov raw xaiv yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1 thiab 2 microns, thiab qhov huv si yog siab heev. Cov khoom siv raw raug batched raws li qhov sib piv sib xyaw, thiab cawv lossis lwm yam xov xwm raug ntxiv rau hauv kev sib tsoo ntub hauv lub tshuab zeb ntub dej kom ua rau lawv sib xyaw thiab pulverized tag nrho. Sieve qhov sib tov. Tom qab ntawd, qhov sib tov yog granulated, nias, thiab cua sov rau qhov kub ze rau qhov melting point ntawm cov hlau binder (1300-1500 ° C), qhov theem hardened thiab cov hlau binder yuav tsim ib qho eutectic alloy. Tom qab txias, cov theem hardened raug faib rau hauv lub grid uas muaj cov hlau bonding thiab sib txuas nrog ib leeg kom tsim ib qho khoom khov kho. Qhov nyuaj ntawm cemented carbide nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus theem hardened thiab qhov loj ntawm cov noob, uas yog, qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus theem hardened thiab cov noob finer, qhov nyuaj dua. Qhov tawv ntawm cemented carbide yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov hlau binder. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus hlau binder, qhov siab dua lub zog flexural.
Xyoo 1923, Schlerter ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tau ntxiv 10% txog 20% cobalt rau hmoov tungsten carbide ua ib qho binder, thiab tau tsim ib qho tshiab ntawm tungsten carbide thiab cobalt. Qhov nyuaj yog qhov thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond. Thawj cemented carbide ua. Thaum txiav hlau nrog lub cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov alloy no, cov ntug txiav yuav hnav tawm sai sai, thiab txawm tias cov ntug txiav yuav tawg. Xyoo 1929, Schwarzkov hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau ntxiv ib qho nyiaj ntawm tungsten carbide thiab titanium carbide compound carbides rau cov khoom qub, uas txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub cuab yeej hauv kev txiav hlau. Qhov no yog lwm qhov kev ua tiav hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho cemented carbide.
Cov cemented carbide muaj ntau yam khoom zoo xws li kev tawv siab, kev hnav tsis kam, lub zog zoo thiab kev tawv, kev kub tsis kam thiab kev xeb tsis kam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws qhov kev tawv siab thiab kev hnav tsis kam, uas tseem tsis hloov pauv txawm tias kub ntawm 500 ° C, tseem muaj kev tawv siab ntawm 1000 ℃. Carbide yog siv dav ua cov khoom siv cuab yeej, xws li cov cuab yeej tig, milling cutters, planers, drills, boring cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam, rau kev txiav cov hlau cam khwb cia, cov hlau tsis yog ferrous, plastics, tshuaj fibers, graphite, iav, pob zeb thiab cov hlau ib txwm muaj, thiab kuj siv tau rau kev txiav cov khoom siv nyuaj-rau-tshuab xws li cov hlau tiv taus kub, stainless hlau, hlau manganese siab, cov cuab yeej hlau, thiab lwm yam. Qhov kev txiav ceev ntawm cov cuab yeej carbide tshiab tam sim no yog pua pua npaug ntawm cov hlau carbon.
Carbide kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov cuab yeej khawb pob zeb, cov cuab yeej khawb av, cov cuab yeej khawb, cov cuab yeej ntsuas, cov khoom siv tiv taus hnav, cov hlau abrasives, lub tog raj kheej liners, precision bearings, nozzles, hlau pwm (xws li hlau kos duab tuag, bolt tuag, txiv ntoo tuag, thiab ntau yam fastener pwm, kev ua tau zoo heev ntawm cemented carbide maj mam hloov cov hlau pwm yav dhau los).
Tom qab ntawd, cov cemented carbide uas tau coated kuj tau tawm los. Xyoo 1969, Sweden tau tsim cov cuab yeej coated titanium carbide tau zoo. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov cuab yeej yog tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide lossis tungsten-cobalt carbide. Lub thickness ntawm cov titanium carbide txheej ntawm qhov chaw tsuas yog ob peb microns, tab sis piv nrog tib hom ntawm cov cuab yeej alloy, Lub neej ua haujlwm tau ntev dua 3 zaug, thiab qhov ceev txiav tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 25% txog 50%. Xyoo 1970, tiam plaub ntawm cov cuab yeej coated tau tshwm sim rau kev txiav cov khoom siv uas nyuaj rau tshuab.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj li tau sintered cemented carbide?
Cemented carbide yog cov khoom siv hlau ua los ntawm hmoov metallurgy ntawm carbides thiab binder hlau ntawm ib lossis ntau dua refractory hlau.
Mcov teb chaws tsim khoom loj
Muaj ntau tshaj 50 lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb uas tsim cov cemented carbide, nrog rau tag nrho cov zis ntawm 27,000-28,000t-. Cov neeg tsim khoom tseem ceeb yog Tebchaws Meskas, Russia, Sweden, Tuam Tshoj, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Nyiv, United Kingdom, Fabkis, thiab lwm yam. Lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam cemented carbide yog qhov puv nkaus. , kev sib tw ua lag luam yog qhov hnyav heev. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam cemented carbide pib tsim cov duab thaum xyoo 1950s. Txij li xyoo 1960 txog xyoo 1970s, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam cemented carbide tau tsim kho sai. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1990s, Tuam Tshoj tag nrho cov peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm cemented carbide tau txog 6000t, thiab tag nrho cov zis ntawm cemented carbide tau txog 5000t, thib ob tsuas yog hauv Lavxias thiab Tebchaws Meskas, nws qeb thib peb hauv ntiaj teb.
Lub tshuab txiav WC
① Tungsten thiab cobalt cemented carbide
Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog tungsten carbide (WC) thiab binder cobalt (Co).
Nws qib yog tsim los ntawm "YG" ("nyuaj thiab cobalt" hauv Suav Pinyin) thiab feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus cobalt nruab nrab.
Piv txwv li, YG8 txhais tau tias qhov nruab nrab WCo = 8%, thiab qhov seem yog tungsten-cobalt carbide ntawm tungsten carbide.
Cov riam TIC
②Tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide
Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog tungsten carbide, titanium carbide (TiC) thiab cobalt.
Nws qib yog tsim los ntawm "YT" ("nyuaj, titanium" ob lub cim hauv Suav Pinyin prefix) thiab cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm titanium carbide.
Piv txwv li, YT15 txhais tau tias qhov nruab nrab WTi = 15%, thiab qhov seem yog tungsten carbide thiab tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide nrog cov ntsiab lus cobalt.
Tungsten Titanium Tantalum Cov Cuab Yeej
③Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) cemented carbide
Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide (lossis niobium carbide) thiab cobalt. Hom cemented carbide no tseem hu ua general cemented carbide lossis universal cemented carbide.
Nws qib yog tsim los ntawm "YW" (lus Suav ua ntej ntawm "nyuaj" thiab "wan") ntxiv rau tus lej sib law liag, xws li YW1.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo
Carbide Welded Inserts
Kev nyuaj siab (86 ~ 93HRA, sib npaug rau 69 ~ 81HRC);
Zoo thermal hardness (txog li 900 ~ 1000 ℃, khaws cia 60HRC);
Kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov cuab yeej txiav carbide yog 4 txog 7 npaug sai dua li cov hlau ceev ceev, thiab lub neej ntawm cov cuab yeej yog 5 txog 80 npaug siab dua. Kev tsim cov pwm thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas, lub neej ua haujlwm yog 20 txog 150 npaug siab dua li cov hlau alloy. Nws tuaj yeem txiav cov khoom tawv ntawm kwv yees li 50HRC.
Txawm li cas los xij, cemented carbide yog brittle thiab tsis tuaj yeem machined, thiab nws nyuaj rau ua cov cuab yeej sib xyaw nrog cov duab nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, cov hniav ntawm ntau yam duab feem ntau ua, uas tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub cev cuab yeej lossis lub cev pwm los ntawm kev vuam, kev sib txuas, kev clamping tshuab, thiab lwm yam.
Cov kab zoo li tshwj xeeb
Kev Sintering
Cemented carbide sintering molding yog nias cov hmoov rau hauv ib lub billet, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub cub tawg sintering kom sov rau qee qhov kub (sintering kub), khaws cia rau ib lub sijhawm (tuav lub sijhawm), thiab tom qab ntawd txias nws kom tau txais cov khoom siv cemented carbide nrog cov yam ntxwv xav tau.
Cov txheej txheem sintering cemented carbide muaj peev xwm muab faib ua plaub theem yooj yim:
1: Nyob rau theem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov neeg sawv cev tsim thiab ua ntej-sintering, lub cev sintered hloov pauv raws li hauv qab no:
Qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev molding, nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv theem pib ntawm sintering, tus neeg sawv cev molding maj mam decomposes lossis vaporizes, thiab lub cev sintered raug tshem tawm. Hom, ntau npaum li cas thiab cov txheej txheem sintering yog txawv.
Cov oxides ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hmoov raug txo qis. Ntawm qhov kub sintering, hydrogen tuaj yeem txo cov oxides ntawm cobalt thiab tungsten. Yog tias tus neeg sawv cev tsim khoom raug tshem tawm hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab sintered, qhov kev cuam tshuam carbon-oxygen tsis muaj zog. Kev ntxhov siab sib cuag ntawm cov hmoov me me maj mam raug tshem tawm, cov hmoov hlau sib txuas pib rov zoo thiab recrystallize, qhov kev sib kis ntawm qhov chaw pib tshwm sim, thiab lub zog briquetting tau zoo dua.
2: Theem sintering khoom (800 ℃ –eutectic kub)
Ntawm qhov kub ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kua theem, ntxiv rau kev txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem ntawm theem dhau los, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv theem khov kho thiab kev sib kis tau nce ntxiv, cov yas ntws tau txhim kho, thiab lub cev sintered shrinks tseem ceeb.
3: Theem kua sintering (eutectic kub - sintering kub)
Thaum cov kua theem tshwm sim hauv lub cev sintered, qhov shrinkage tiav sai sai, ua raws li kev hloov pauv crystallographic los tsim cov qauv yooj yim thiab cov qauv ntawm cov hlau alloy.
4: Theem txias (kub sintering - kub chav)
Nyob rau theem no, cov qauv thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv nrog rau cov xwm txheej txias sib txawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv los ua kom sov cov cemented carbide kom txhim kho nws cov khoom siv lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-11-2022
