Cov khoom siv hlau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau refractory thiab cov hlua khi hlau los ntawm cov txheej txheem hmoov metallurgy. Cemented carbide muaj cov khoom zoo heev xws li siab hardness, hnav tsis kam, zoo zog thiab toughness, kub tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, uas tseem nyob twj ywm tsis hloov txawm nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 500 ° C, tseem muaj. siab hardness ntawm 1000 ℃. Carbide yog dav siv los ua cov cuab yeej siv, xws li cov cuab yeej tig, milling cutters, planers, xyaum, tho txawv cov cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam, rau txiav hlau cam khwb cia hlau, non-ferrous hlau, yas, tshuaj fibers, graphite, iav, pob zeb thiab zoo tib yam hlau, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev txiav cov khoom nyuaj-rau-tshuab xws li cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov, cov hlau tsis muaj steel, siab manganese steel, cov cuab yeej steel, thiab lwm yam. Qhov kev txiav ceev ntawm cov cuab yeej carbide tshiab yog tam sim no ntau pua zaus ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel.
Kev siv cov cemented carbide
(1) Cov cuab yeej siv
Carbide yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cuab yeej tig, milling cutters, planers, xyaum, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, tungsten-cobalt carbide yog tsim rau luv luv nti ua ntawm ferrous thiab non-ferrous hlau thiab ua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog xim hlau, xws li cam khwb cia hlau, cam khwb cia tooj dag, bakelite, thiab lwm yam .; tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide yog tsim rau kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm ferrous hlau xws li hlau. Chip machining. Ntawm cov alloys zoo sib xws, cov uas muaj cov ntsiab lus cobalt ntau yog tsim rau kev ua haujlwm ntxhib, thiab cov uas muaj cov ntsiab lus cobalt tsawg yog tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav. Lub hom phiaj dav dav cemented carbides muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua li lwm cov cemented carbides rau cov khoom siv nyuaj xws li stainless hlau.
(2) Cov khoom siv pwm
Cemented carbide feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm txias txias xws li txias txias tuag, txias punching tuag, txias extrusion tuag, thiab txias pier tuag.
Carbide txias taub hau tuag yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo toughness, tawg toughness, qaug zog lub zog, dabtsi yog khoov lub zog thiab zoo hnav tsis kam nyob rau hauv lub hnav-resistant ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob los yog muaj zog tej yam kev mob. Nruab nrab thiab siab cobalt thiab nruab nrab thiab ntxhib grain alloy qib feem ntau yog siv, xws li YG15C.
Feem ntau hais lus, kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hnav tsis kam thiab tawv ntawm cemented carbide yog qhov tsis sib xws: qhov nce ntawm hnav tsis kam yuav ua rau txo qis, thiab qhov nce ntawm qhov tawv yuav ua rau txo qis kev hnav tsis kam. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov qib alloy, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li kev siv tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm.
Yog tias qib xaiv tau ua rau tawg thaum ntxov thiab kev puas tsuaj thaum siv, qib siab dua yuav tsum tau xaiv; Yog tias cov qib uas tau xaiv yog qhov ua rau hnav thaum ntxov thiab kev puas tsuaj thaum siv, qib siab dua hardness thiab hnav zoo dua yuav tsum raug xaiv. . Cov qib hauv qab no: YG15C, YG18C, YG20C, YL60, YG22C, YG25C Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, qhov hardness txo qis, hnav tsis kam txo, thiab qhov toughness nce; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov opposite yog qhov tseeb.
(3) Kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej thiab qhov hnav-tiv taus
Carbide yog siv rau hnav-resistant nto inlays thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas, precision bearings ntawm grinders, qhia daim hlau thiab qhia rods ntawm centerless grinders, saum ntawm lathes thiab lwm yam hnav-resistant qhov chaw.
Binder hlau feem ntau yog hlau pawg hlau, feem ntau cobalt thiab npib tsib xee.
Thaum tsim cov cemented carbide, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom siv raw hmoov yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1 thiab 2 microns, thiab purity siab heev. Cov ntaub ntawv raw yog batched raws li tus qauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab cawv los yog lwm yam xov xwm ntxiv rau ntub sib tsoo nyob rau hauv ib lub pob zeb ntub kom lawv tag nrho tov thiab pulverized. Sib tov sib tov. Tom qab ntawd, cov sib tov yog granulated, nias, thiab rhuab mus rau ib tug kub nyob ze rau lub melting point ntawm lub binder hlau (1300-1500 ° C), lub hardened theem thiab cov binder hlau yuav tsim ib tug eutectic alloy. Tom qab txias, cov theem hardened yog faib nyob rau hauv daim phiaj tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau thiab txuas nrog ib leeg los ua ib qho khoom tag nrho. Lub hardness ntawm cemented carbide nyob ntawm hardened theem cov ntsiab lus thiab grain loj, uas yog, lub siab dua lub hardened theem cov ntsiab lus thiab lub finer lub nplej, lub hardness ntau dua. Lub toughness ntawm cemented carbide yog txiav txim los ntawm cov binder hlau. Qhov siab dua cov binder hlau cov ntsiab lus, qhov siab dua lub zog flexural.
Nyob rau hauv 1923, Schlerter ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees ntxiv 10% mus rau 20% cobalt rau tungsten carbide hmoov raws li ib tug binder, thiab invented ib tug tshiab alloy ntawm tungsten carbide thiab cobalt. Lub hardness yog thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond. Thawj cemented carbide ua. Thaum txiav cov hlau nrog lub cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov hlau no, cov ntug txiav yuav hnav sai sai, thiab txawm tias cov ntug txiav yuav tawg. Xyoo 1929, Schwarzkov hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau ntxiv qee qhov nyiaj ntawm tungsten carbide thiab titanium carbide compound carbides rau cov khoom qub, uas txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv kev txiav hlau. Qhov no yog lwm qhov ua tiav hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho cemented carbide.
Cemented carbide muaj cov khoom zoo heev xws li siab hardness, hnav tsis kam, zoo zog thiab toughness, kub tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, uas tseem nyob twj ywm tsis hloov txawm nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 500 ° C, tseem muaj. siab hardness ntawm 1000 ℃. Carbide yog dav siv los ua cov cuab yeej siv, xws li cov cuab yeej tig, milling cutters, planers, xyaum, tho txawv cov cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam, rau txiav hlau cam khwb cia hlau, non-ferrous hlau, yas, tshuaj fibers, graphite, iav, pob zeb thiab zoo tib yam hlau, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev txiav cov khoom nyuaj-rau-tshuab xws li cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov, cov hlau tsis muaj steel, siab manganese steel, cov cuab yeej steel, thiab lwm yam. Qhov kev txiav ceev ntawm cov cuab yeej carbide tshiab yog tam sim no ntau pua zaus ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel.
Carbide kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov cuab yeej pob zeb, cov cuab yeej mining, cov cuab yeej drilling, ntsuas cov cuab yeej, cov khoom siv tiv taus, cov hlau abrasives, lub tog raj kheej liner, precision bearings, nozzles, hlau pwm (xws li hlau kos tuag, ntsia liaj qhov rooj tuag, txiv ntseej tuag. , thiab Ntau yam fastener pwm, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cemented carbide maj mam hloov cov pwm steel yav dhau los).
Tom qab ntawd, coated cemented carbide kuj tuaj. Xyoo 1969, Sweden tau ua tiav cov cuab yeej titanium carbide coated. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub cuab yeej yog tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide los yog tungsten-cobalt carbide. Lub thickness ntawm titanium carbide txheej nyob rau saum npoo tsuas yog ob peb microns, tab sis piv nrog tib hom ntawm cov cuab yeej alloy, Lub neej kev pab cuam txuas ntxiv los ntawm 3 zaug, thiab txiav ceev yog nce los ntawm 25% mus rau 50%. Nyob rau xyoo 1970, plaub tiam ntawm cov cuab yeej coated tau tshwm sim rau kev txiav cov khoom siv tshuab nyuaj.
Yuav ua li cas yog cemented carbide sintered?
Cemented carbide yog cov khoom siv hlau ua los ntawm cov hmoov metallurgy ntawm carbide thiab khi hlau ntawm ib lossis ntau dua cov hlau refractory.
Major ua teb chaws
Muaj ntau tshaj 50 lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb uas tsim cov cemented carbide, nrog rau tag nrho cov zis ntawm 27,000-28,000t-. Cov neeg tsim khoom tseem ceeb yog Tebchaws Meskas, Russia, Sweden, Tuam Tshoj, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Nyiv, United Kingdom, Fabkis, thiab lwm yam. Lub ntiaj teb cemented carbide kev ua lag luam yog qhov pib saturated. , kev lag luam kev sib tw yog nruj heev. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam cemented carbide tau pib zoo nyob rau xyoo 1950s. Txij xyoo 1960 mus txog xyoo 1970, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam cemented carbide tau tsim sai heev. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1990s, Tuam Tshoj tus tag nrho cov peev xwm ntawm cemented carbide mus txog 6000t, thiab tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cemented carbide mus txog 5000t, thib ob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lub tebchaws United States, nws nyob rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb no.
WC cutter
①Tungsten thiab cobalt cemented carbide
Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog tungsten carbide (WC) thiab binder cobalt (Co).
Nws qib yog tsim los ntawm "YG" ("nyuaj thiab cobalt" hauv Suav Pinyin) thiab feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus cobalt nruab nrab.
Piv txwv li, YG8 txhais tau tias qhov nruab nrab WCo = 8%, thiab tus so yog tungsten-cobalt carbide ntawm tungsten carbide.
TIC riam
②Tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide
Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog tungsten carbide, titanium carbide (TiC) thiab cobalt.
Nws qib yog tsim los ntawm "YT" ("nyuaj, titanium" ob lub cim hauv Suav Pinyin prefix) thiab cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm titanium carbide.
Piv txwv li, YT15 txhais tau tias nruab nrab WTi = 15%, thiab tus so yog tungsten carbide thiab tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide nrog cobalt cov ntsiab lus.
Tungsten Titanium Tantalum cuab yeej
③Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) cemented carbide
Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide (los yog niobium carbide) thiab cobalt. Hom cemented carbide no tseem hu ua cov cemented carbide lossis universal cemented carbide.
Nws qib yog tsim los ntawm "YW" (lub suab lus Suav ua ntej ntawm "nyuaj" thiab "wan") ntxiv rau tus lej, xws li YW1.
Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm
Carbide Welded Inserts
High hardness (86 ~ 93HRA, sib npaug rau 69 ~ 81HRC);
Zoo thermal hardness (txog 900 ~ 1000 ℃, khaws 60HRC);
Zoo abrasion tsis kam.
Carbide txiav cov cuab yeej yog 4 mus rau 7 lub sij hawm sai dua cov hlau ceev, thiab cov cuab yeej lub neej yog 5 mus rau 80 npaug ntau dua. Kev tsim pwm thiab ntsuas cov cuab yeej, kev pabcuam lub neej yog 20 mus rau 150 npaug siab dua li cov cuab yeej hlau alloy. Nws tuaj yeem txiav cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj txog li 50HRC.
Txawm li cas los xij, cemented carbide yog nkig thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua machined, thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ua ib qho cuab yeej nrog cov duab complex. Yog li ntawd, cov hniav ntawm cov duab sib txawv yog feem ntau ua, uas yog ntsia rau ntawm lub cuab yeej los yog pwm lub cev los ntawm welding, bonding, mechanical clamping, thiab lwm yam.
Tshwj xeeb-shaped bar
Sintering
Cemented carbide sintering molding yog nias cov hmoov rau hauv ib lub billet, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov cub sintering kom sov rau qhov kub thiab txias (sintering kub), khaws cia rau qee lub sijhawm (tuav lub sijhawm), thiab tom qab ntawd txias kom tau txais cov cemented. cov khoom siv carbide nrog cov khoom xav tau.
Cov txheej txheem cemented carbide sintering tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub theem:
1: Nyob rau theem ntawm kev tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev thiab pre-sintering, lub cev sintered hloov raws li hauv qab no:
Kev tshem tawm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev molding, nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv thawj theem ntawm sintering, tus neeg sawv cev molding maj mam decomposes los yog vaporizes, thiab lub cev sintered raug tshem tawm. Hom, kom muaj nuj nqis thiab sintering txheej txheem sib txawv.
Cov oxides ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hmoov raug txo. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, hydrogen tuaj yeem txo cov oxides ntawm cobalt thiab tungsten. Yog tias tus neeg ua haujlwm raug tshem tawm hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab sintered, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv carbon-oxygen tsis muaj zog. Kev sib cuag ntawm cov hmoov hmoov yog maj mam tshem tawm, cov hmoov hlau sib txuas pib rov qab thiab recrystallize, qhov diffusion nto pib tshwm sim, thiab lub zog briquetting zoo tuaj.
2: Khoom theem sintering theem (800 ℃ - eutectic kub)
Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej cov tsos ntawm cov kua theem, ntxiv rau kev txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov theem dhau los, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-theem thiab diffusion yog intensified, cov yas ntws yog txhim khu kev qha, thiab sintered lub cev shrinks ho.
3: Ua kua theem sintering theem (eutectic kub - sintering kub)
Thaum cov kua theem tshwm nyob rau hauv lub cev sintered, lub shrinkage yog ua tiav sai sai, ua raws li crystallographic transformation los tsim cov qauv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov alloy.
4: Txias theem (sintering kub - chav tsev kub)
Nyob rau theem no, cov qauv thiab theem muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov alloy muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv nrog cov cua txias sib txawv. Cov yam ntxwv no tuaj yeem siv los ua kom sov cov cemented carbide los txhim kho nws lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-11-2022
